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Mock Data from Vela Cosmological Simulations ("VELA")

Simons et al. 2019, ApJ, accepted.

Introduction

Description of Data Products

Data Access

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Example edge-on rest-frame optical RGB composite images from a Vela simulation. Left: no diffuse ISM dust; Middle: full Sunrise prediction with ISM dust; right: computed V-band attenuation (AV)


Idealized demonstration of the high spatial resolution mock images, showing how the results depend on spatial resolution accessible to different facilities.

Synthetic 1-arcmin wide HST deep field constructed from the Vela-Sunrise mock image dataset.

Introduction

This product comprises mock observations of the VELA suite of cosmological simulations, demonstrating a physical model of galaxy formation over cosmic history. The Vela-Sunrise mock images are synthetic ultra high resolution space telescope images spanning a range of halo masses and assembly histories across cosmic time. The dataset spans the cosmic time evolution of 35 galaxies over 10-50 timesteps, each with approximately 20 viewing angles and a common set of 34 HST, JWST, and proposed WFIRST filters. These mock data products are also appropriate for modeling observations of future large-aperture telescopes.

Below we briefly summarize the basic properties and procedures for creating this dataset. A more comprehensive description can be found in papers such as those by Moody et al. (2013), Snyder et al. (2015), and Simons et al. (2019), as well as the references therein and below.

If you use these data products, you can refer to this collection using its DOI: https://doi.org/10.17909/t9-ge0b-jm58

Description of Data Products

Overview

There are two basic data products stored in FITS format:
  1. Broadband Images, storing pristine and PSF-convolved mock images in various broadband filters. Count: 807,023 files
  2. Auxiliary Images ("Aux"), storing intrinsic simulation quantities for each mock image pixel. Count: 23,769 files

To simplify storage and access, the final dataset was organized on both a per-simulation and per-filter basis into two sets of compressed ".tar.gz" files. Each of these sets contains an identical copy of the data. Therefore, files can be obtained by first selecting a simulation then a filter, or by first selecting a filter to obtain the corresponding data for all simulations at once. Bulk download scripts are also available to automate this process in either case.

Hydrodynamical Simulation Inputs

Each simulation represents the time evolution of an individual galaxy forming, which are labeled VELA01 through VELA35. This project analyzed each simulation at approximately 10-50 timesteps over cosmic time. Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations were performed in a WMAP5 cosmology with the gasdynamics + N-body Adaptive Refinement Tree code (ART; Kravtsov, Klypin & Khokhlov 1997; Kravtsov 2003). In addition to gas dynamics and gravity, the simulations implement sub-grid physical models such as cooling, background photoionization, star formation, metal enrichment, thermal feedback from supernovae, and feedback from radiation pressure and heating from young stars (Ceverino et al. 2014).

To initialize the galaxy formation simulations, dark matter haloes were selected randomly from those with virial masses 11 < log(Mhalo/Msun) < 12 at redshift 0.8 formed in a coarsely resolved N-body simulation. Their initial conditions were re-sampled and re-simulated in full hydrodynamics with much greater resolution, forming galaxies with stellar masses approximately 9 < log(Mstars/Msun) < 11. In total, the evolution of 35 haloes were simulated with several iterations of physical models, where the focus of this release is the "Generation 3" models described by Ceverino et al. 2014. Of the 35 Vela simulations, 34 satisfied the requirements for carrying out the systematic mock imaging project.

Radiative Transfer Calculations

The data products presented here were created using the dust radiative transfer code Sunrise (Jonsson 2006; Jonsson et al. 2010). The software pipeline to convert the ART simulations into Sunrise input files was written by Moody et al. (2013) and accelerated by Simons et al. (2019) to enable efficient re-creation of these mock datasets. This pipeline uses the YT package (Turk et al. 2011) and custom Python algorithms to read the ART data and construct the octree structure passed to Sunrise.

The team analyzed simulations outputs spaced by 0.01 in scale factor, generally from roughly 0.05 to 0.5, for up to 50 timesteps per simulation, or approximately 1200 timesteps in total. At each such timestep, the Sunrise radiative transfer simulations were performed based on stellar population and dust models described by Simons et al. (2019). In brief, they assume Starburst99 models augmented by HII region models based on MAPPINGS for very young stars (Groves et al. 2008). For dust grains, the calculations assumed a dust grain composition and size distribution that reproduces typical observations of the Milky Way (Weingartner & Draine 2001), with total dust mass proportional to the metal mass in each cell predicted by the hydro simulations.

With those assumptions, Sunrise performed three-dimensional polychromatic dust radiative transfer through this dust distribution, into a set of 19 "cameras" arranged around each source. A subset of these cameras targeted the "face-on", "edge-on" and "45-degree" inclinations with respect to the angular momentum of the galaxy gas, a subset targeted random directions fixed over cosmic time, and the final subset targeted randomly oriented directions that vary for each timestep.

The calculations resulted in multiwavelength high-spatial resolution predictions. For each of a set of 34 idealized HST, JWST, and WFIRST broadband filter throughput curves, Sunrise saved an 800x800 pixel image for each of the 19 cameras. These images constitute the main product provided this HLSP. In addition, Sunrise stores several ancillary images for enhancing subsequent analyses. A particularly useful set of 10 such images are known as the "auxiliary" quantities, which are projections of intrinsic simulation quantities into each of the same 800x800 pixels as the mock images. We provide these images for each source analyzed in this project. Another potentially useful set are images without the effect of diffuse dust attenuation in the ISM of each galaxy; this HLSP provides all such images for the VELA01 simulation, and to conserve disk space, a broad subset of 7 filters and 7 cameras for the remaining simulations.

The Sunrise image pixels are stored as an idealized surface brightness of the sky at the camera position, normalized by the filter curve area. This is a distance invariant quantity that does not depend on the multiplicative normalization of the assumed filter curves but only on their shapes.

Mock Image File Structure

Each image was converted into flux units by first assuming that the source has the same redshift as the underlying hydro simulation timestep and applying redshift-dependent cosmological surface-brightness dimming. The pixel units are then converted from internal Sunrise units (W/m/m*m/Sr) into nanoJanskies. This image is stored in FITS format as the primary HDU with extension name (EXTNAME) IMAGE_PRISTINE in all of the mock image files in this release. For the HST and JWST filters, an additional step was taken to resample the pixels and convolve with model point-spread functions (PSFs) supplied by TinyTim and WebbPSF, respectively. Pixel sizes were chosen to match either existing (for HST) or idealized (for JWST) surveys that achieve nearly the diffraction limit for the respective instruments, in other words assuming sub-pixel dither patterns that allow for Nyquist sampling of the PSF. These "mock observed" images, where they exist, are stored as the 2nd FITS extension named IMAGE_PSF. Where the no-diffuse-dust images were also included, they are saved with extension name IMAGE_PRISTINE_NONSCATTER.

All images in this HLSP are free of astronomical and instrumental noise. The intent is that users of these products will supply their own noise model appropriate for their particular application.

The directory and file naming conventions are as follows, assuming that any ".tar.gz" files have been unpacked already. Files are organized into one directory per simulation ("vela??/") with subdirectories for each camera ("cam??/") then mission ("hst/", "jwst/", or "wfirst/") and instrument (e.g. 'wfc3/'). Each mock image file (containing 1-3 image HDUs each) is then stored in the final level for each filter (e.g. "f160w/"), one for each simulation timestep. The naming convention is such that each file can be constructed as a string as follows:

<sim>/<camera>/<mission>/<instrument>/<filter>/hlsp_vela_<mission>_<instrument>_<sim>-<camera>-<timestep>_<filter>_<version>_sim.fits
where:
  • <sim> = "vela01" through "vela35", where each number represents the time evolution of the main history of a single galaxy.
  • <camera> = "cam00" through "cam19", representing the Sunrise camera viewing direction; the meaning of individual cameras is detailed below.
  • <mission> = "hst", "jwst", or "wfirst" (DRM-15)
  • <instrument> = "acs" or "wfc3" (for <mission>="hst"); "nircam" or "miri" (for <mission>="jwst"); or "wfidrm15" (for <mission>="wfirst").
  • <filter> = broadband filter; see below for the available filters for each instrument.
  • <timestep> = string expressing the simulation timestep as the scale factor, for example "a0.330" refers to scale factor a=0.33 (redshift=2).
  • <version> = "v3" corresponds to the Vela "Generation 3" physical model.
For example, the redshift=2 mock images for simulation VELA27, viewed from camera 12, with the JWST-Nircam F200W filter, are stored here:
vela27/cam12/jwst/nircam/f200w/hlsp_vela_jwst_nircam_vela27-cam12-a0.330_f200w_v3_sim.fits
where the source ".tar.gz" files for this product are vela27/hlsp_vela_jwst_nircam_vela27_f200w_v3_sim.tar.gz (~1GB) or hlsp_vela_jwst_nircam_vela27_f200w_v3_sim.tar.gz (~35GB)

Aux Image File Structure

Each set of mock images for a particular source has an associated set of auxiliary ("aux") images which present intrinsic properties of the simulation, such as gas mass and stellar mass, in each of the same pixels as the mock images. Therefore the mock data can be mapped directly to the intrinsic state of the galaxy simulation on a per-pixel basis. Since they are independent of observing mode, these images are stored at the same level of the directory structure as the "mission" element above. For the above example, the aux images are stored at:

vela27/cam12/hlsp_vela_none_none_vela27-cam12-a0.330_aux_v3_sim.fits
where the source ".tar.gz" file for this product is vela27/hlsp_vela_none_none_vela27_aux_v3_sim.tar.gz (14GB).

Each aux FITS file contains an HDU named CAMERA??-AUX, for this example "CAMERA12-AUX" which contains a 10x800x800 array, where each 800x800 pixel slice is an image array containing a given intrinsic property. The HDU header describes the index, name, and units of each slice. For example, the gas mass is slice 1 (index=0), and the stellar mass is slice 5 (index=4).

Catalogs File Structure

Each of these products has an associated set of ASCII catalog files summarizing basic properties of these products, such as magnitude and masses of the constituents of the source. Many of these properties are also stored as FITS keyword values in each of the underlying data files.

The Source Catalogs summarize very basic information about the mock images, such as the total flux and magnitude in the associated filter, as well as information from the aux images such as stellar mass, and the mass of dark matter within the virial radius calculated with YT. In addition, each line contains the path to the relevant file containing the image data. The Aux Catalogs are shorter and contain only the intrinsic information about the state of the simulation. Each type of catalog also has a concatenated version containing all entries for all 34 simulations.

The catalog files are in whitespace-delimited ASCII format with a single-line header containing the column names, which are:

  1. sim: simulation name e.g. "vela27"
  2. z: redshift
  3. scale: scale factor
  4. cam: camera name e.g. "cam12"
  5. mission: mission name as above e.g. "jwst"
  6. instrument: instrument name as above e.g. "nircam"
  7. filter: filter name as above e.g. "f200w"
  8. flux_njy: total flux of the pristine image, in nanoJanskies
  9. abmag: total apparent magnitude of the pristine image assumed to be at the simulated redshift, in AB magnitudes
  10. mstar: total stellar mass (in solar masses) of the associated Aux image for this simulation-camera-timestep triplet
  11. mgas: total gas mass (in solar masses) of the associated Aux image
  12. mmet: total mass of gas phase metals (in solar masses) of the associated Aux image
  13. sfr: total star formation rate (in solar masses per year) of the associated Aux image
  14. mvir_dm: total dark matter mass within the virial radius, computed with YT
  15. path: internal path to the mock image or aux image file

To read these catalog files using Astropy, for example:
>>> import astropy 
>>> import astropy.io.ascii as ascii
>>> source_catalog=ascii.read('hlsp_vela_multi_multi_vela01_multi_v3_cat.txt')
>>> source_catalog.colnames
['sim', 'z', 'scale', 'cam', 'mission', 'instrument', 'filter', 'flux_njy', 'abmag', 'mstar', 'mgas', 'mmet', 'sfr', 'mvir_dm', 'path']
>>> len(source_catalog)
28386
>>> source_catalog[55]
<Row index=55>
sim z scale cam mission instrument filter flux_njy abmag mstar mgas mmet sfr mvir_dm
str6 float64 float64 str5 str6 str8 str6 float64 float64 float64 float64 float64 float64 float64
------ ---------- ------- ----- ------- ---------- ------ -------- -------- ----------- ------------ --------- ------------ -------------
vela01 4.88235294 0.17 cam00 hst acs f606w 4.486941 29.77019 252367100.0 9987292000.0 2123596.0 1.839305e-06 43813840000.0
path
str101
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vela/vela01/cam00/hst/acs/f606w/hlsp_vela_hst_acs_vela01-cam00-a0.170_f606w_v3_sim.fits

Camera Meanings

The 18 viewing directions were chosen as follows, where "face-on" and "edge-on" are defined with respect to the galaxy's baryons angular momentum vector. Quantitative definitions of these cameras are stored in the header of each FITS file.
  • CAMERA0 ("cam00"): Face-On
  • CAMERA1 ("cam01"): Edge-On
  • CAMERA2 ("cam02"): Reverse Face-On
  • CAMERA3 ("cam03"): Reverse Edge-On
  • CAMERA4 ("cam04"): 45 degree inclination between face-on and edge-on
  • CAMERA5 ("cam05"): directed along z axis
  • CAMERA6 ("cam06"): directed along y axis
  • CAMERA7 ("cam07"): directed along x axis
  • CAMERA8 ("cam08"): random, fixed in time
  • CAMERA9 ("cam09"): random, fixed in time
  • CAMERA10 ("cam10"): random, fixed in time
  • CAMERA11 ("cam11"): random, fixed in time
  • CAMERA12 ("cam12"): truly random
  • CAMERA13 ("cam13"): truly random
  • CAMERA14 ("cam14"): truly random
  • CAMERA15 ("cam15"): truly random
  • CAMERA16 ("cam16"): truly random
  • CAMERA17 ("cam17"): truly random
  • CAMERA18 ("cam18"): truly random

Data Access

Generation 3 Vela Simulation Mock Images

NOTE: Two copies of the same data are stored in the files below, so there is usually no need to obtain files using both the "By Filter" and "By Simulation" methods. Similarly, there is no need to apply both the "Bulk Download Script" and the "VELA?? Download Scripts". Users wishing to obtain a simple copy of all the available data are advised to use the "By Filter" method.

By Filter HST ACS HST WFC3-UV HST WFC3-IR JWST NIRCAM JWST MIRI WFIRST WFI Other Data
Gen3 Mock Images
Bulk Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
By Simulation HST ACS HST WFC3-UV HST WFC3-IR JWST NIRCAM JWST MIRI WFIRST WFI Other Data
VELA01
VELA01 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA02
VELA02 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA03
VELA03 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA04
VELA04 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA05
VELA05 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA06
VELA06 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA07
VELA07 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA08
VELA08 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA09
VELA09 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA10
VELA10 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
By Simulation HST ACS HST WFC3-UV HST WFC3-IR JWST NIRCAM JWST MIRI WFIRST WFI Other Data
VELA11
VELA11 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA12
VELA12 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA13
VELA13 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA14
VELA14 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA15
VELA15 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA16
VELA16 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA17
VELA17 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA19
VELA19 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA20
VELA20 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA21
VELA21 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
By Simulation HST ACS HST WFC3-UV HST WFC3-IR JWST NIRCAM JWST MIRI WFIRST WFI Other Data
VELA22
VELA22 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA23
VELA23 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA24
VELA24 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA25
VELA25 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA26
VELA26 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA27
VELA27 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA28
VELA28 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA29
VELA29 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA30
VELA30 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA31
VELA31 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
By Simulation HST ACS HST WFC3-UV HST WFC3-IR JWST NIRCAM JWST MIRI WFIRST WFI Other Data
VELA32
VELA32 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA33
VELA33 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA34
VELA34 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images
VELA35
VELA35 Download Script
F435W F606W F775W
F814W F850LP
F275W
F336W
F105W F125W
F140W F160W
F070W F090W F115W
F150W F200W F277W
F356W F444W
F560W F770W F1000W
F1130W F1280W F1500W
F1800W F2100W F2550W
Z087 Y106 J129
W149 H158 F184
Source Catalog
Aux Catalog
Aux Images