Follow UsLEGUS: Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey
HST Proposal 13364
Daniela Calzetti (publications @ ADS)
University of Massachusetts - Amherst
Category: UNRESOLVED STAR FORMATION
Proposal type: GO
Status: completed
HST Program Information: · about this program
Proposal Abstract
We propose to build the first HST UV Atlas of 50 nearby star-forming galaxies, carefully selected to span the full range of morphology, star formation rate (SFR), mass, metallicity, internal structure, and interaction state found in the local Universe. In combination with archival and new optical (UBVI) WFC3/ACS data, the requested WFC3/UV images are key for deriving accurate recent (<50 Myr) star formation histories (SFHs) from resolved massive stars, and the extinction-free ages and masses of star clusters and associations. These extensive inventories of massive stars, clustered systems, and SFHs will be used to: (1) quantify how the clustering of star formation evolves both in space and in time; (2) discriminate among models of star cluster evolution; (3) investigate the effects of SFH on the UV SFR calibrations; (4) explore the impact of environment on star formation and cluster evolution across the full range of galactic and ISM properties. These are only a few of the science opportunities enabled by LEGUS. The astronomical community will add many more: LEGUS observations will inform theories of star formation and galaxy evolution, and improve the understanding of the physical underpinning of the gas-star formation relation and the nature of the clumpy star formation at high redshift. LEGUS will generate the most homogeneous high-resolution, wide-field UV dataset to date, building and expanding on the GALEX legacy. LEGUS will populate the HST Archive with unique data, that will be ready for immediate use by the community through the extensive data products we will deliver, and will provide a unique foundation for future observations with JWST and ALMA.
Publications referencing this proposal
Hierarchical Star Formation in Nearby LEGUS Galaxies
Elmegreen, Debra Meloy et al. 2014ApJ...787L..15EALMA-backed NIR high resolution integral field spectroscopy of the NUGA galaxy NGC 1433
Smaji?, Semir et al. 2014A&A...567A.119SStellar content and distances to the isolated spiral galaxies NGC 6503 and NGC 6946
Tikhonov, N. A. et al. 2014AstL...40..537TLegacy Extragalactic UV Survey (LEGUS) With the Hubble Space Telescope. I. Survey Description
Calzetti, D. et al. 2015AJ....149...51CLEGUS Discovery of a Light Echo Around Supernova 2012aw
Van Dyk, Schuyler D. et al. 2015ApJ...806..195VM 101 group galaxies
Tikhonov, N. A. et al. 2015AstL...41..239TLOSS's first supernova? New limits on the `impostor' SN 1997bs
Adams, Scott M. et al. 2015MNRAS.452.2195AThe Progenitor of the Type IIb SN 2008ax Revisited
Folatelli, Gastón et al. 2015ApJ...811..147FStar Cluster Properties in Two LEGUS Galaxies Computed with Stochastic Stellar Population Synthesis Models
Krumholz, Mark R. et al. 2015ApJ...812..147KThe warm molecular gas and dust of Seyfert galaxies: two different phases of accretion?
Mezcua, M. et al. 2015MNRAS.452.4128MHierarchical star formation across the ring galaxy NGC 6503
Gouliermis, D. A. et al. 2015MNRAS.452.3508GThe Brightest Young Star Clusters in NGC 5253.
Calzetti, D. et al. 2015ApJ...811...75CGone without a bang: an archival HST survey for disappearing massive stars
Reynolds, Thomas M. et al. 2015MNRAS.453.2885RThe nuclear gas disk of NGC 1566 dissected by SINFONI and ALMA
Smaji?, S. et al. 2015A&A...583A.104SThe Spatial Distribution of the Young Stellar Clusters in the Star-forming Galaxy NGC 628
Grasha, K. et al. 2015ApJ...815...93GDiscovery of Five Candidate Analogs for ? Carinae in Nearby Galaxies
Khan, Rubab et al. 2015ApJ...815L..18KA comprehensive comparative test of seven widely used spectral synthesis models against multi-band photometry of young massive-star clusters
Wofford, A. et al. 2016MNRAS.457.4296WMassive star mergers and the recent transient in NGC 4490: a more massive cousin of V838 Mon and V1309 Sco
Smith, Nathan et al. 2016MNRAS.458..950SLight Echoes and Late-Time Emissions of Type Ia Supernovae
Drozdov, Dina et al. 2016PhDT........23DStellar subsystems of the galaxy NGC 1313
Tikhonov, N. A. et al. 2016AstL...42..428TProperties of the cluster population of NGC 1566 and their implications
Hollyhead, K. et al. 2016MNRAS.460.2087HRotational Dynamics and Star Formation in the Nearby Dwarf Galaxy NGC 5238
Cannon, John M. et al. 2016AJ....152..202CDissecting the star cluster population in M51: the LEGUS view
Messa, M. et al. 2017MmSAI..88..645MThe properties, origin and evolution of stellar clusters in galaxy simulations and observations
Dobbs, C. L. et al. 2017MNRAS.464.3580DYoung star clusters in circumnuclear starburst rings
de Grijs, Richard et al. 2017MNRAS.465.2820DThe emission-line regions in the nucleus of NGC 1313 probed with GMOS-IFU: a supergiant/hypergiant candidate and a kinematically cold nucleus
Menezes, R. B. et al. 2017MNRAS.466..749MThe Hierarchical Distribution of the Young Stellar Clusters in Six Local Star-forming Galaxies
Grasha, K. et al. 2017ApJ...840..113GSoft extragalactic X-ray binaries at the Eddington Threshold
Earnshaw, Hannah M. et al. 2017MNRAS.467.2690ELegacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey with The Hubble Space Telescope: Stellar Cluster Catalogs and First Insights Into Cluster Formation and Evolution in NGC 628
Adamo, Angela et al. 2017ApJ...841..131AEffective Radii of Young, Massive Star Clusters in Two LEGUS Galaxies
Ryon, J. E. et al. 2017ApJ...841...92RHierarchical star formation across the grand-design spiral NGC 1566
Gouliermis, Dimitrios A. et al. 2017MNRAS.468..509GAn Improved Method for Determining the Integrated Properties of Nuclear Rings: NGC 1512
Ma, Chao et al. 2017ApJS..230...14MHierarchical Star Formation in Turbulent Media: Evidence from Young Star Clusters
Grasha, K. et al. 2017ApJ...842...25GThe search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: constraints from 7 yr of data
Adams, S. M. et al. 2017MNRAS.469.1445AThe young star cluster population of M51 with LEGUS - I. A comprehensive study of cluster formation and evolution
Messa, Matteo et al. 2018MNRAS.473..996MOptical Counterparts of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources NGC 4559 X-10 and NGC 4395 ULX-1
Vinokurov, A. et al. 2018ApJ...854..176VExtinction Maps and Dust-to-gas Ratios in Nearby Galaxies with LEGUS
Kahre, L. et al. 2018ApJ...855..133KA Study of Two Dwarf Irregular Galaxies with Asymmetrical Star Formation Distributions
Hunter, Deidre A. et al. 2018ApJ...855....7HA physical process of the radial acceleration of disc galaxies
Wilhelm, Klaus et al. 2018MNRAS.474.4723WThe Resolved Stellar Populations in the LEGUS Galaxies1
Sabbi, Elena et al. 2018ApJS..235...23SStar Formation Histories of the LEGUS Dwarf Galaxies. I. Recent History of NGC 1705, NGC 4449, and Holmberg II
Cignoni, Michele et al. 2018ApJ...856...62CConnections between Star Cluster Populations and Their Host Galaxy Nuclear Rings
Ma, Chao et al. 2018ApJ...857..116MStar Formation Histories of the LEGUS Dwarf Galaxies. II. Spatially Resolved Star Formation History of the Magellanic Irregular NGC 4449
Sacchi, Elena et al. 2018ApJ...857...63SThe very young resolved stellar populations around stripped-envelope supernovae
Maund, Justyn R. et al. 2018MNRAS.476.2629MIonized Gas Motions and the Structure of Feedback near a Forming Globular Cluster in NGC 5253
Cohen, Daniel P. et al. 2018ApJ...860...47CThe young star cluster population of M51 with LEGUS - II. Testing environmental dependences
Messa, Matteo et al. 2018MNRAS.477.1683MNGC 6744: A Nearby Milky Way Twin with a Very Low-luminosity AGN
da Silva, Patrícia et al. 2018ApJ...861...83DA Comparison of Young Star Properties with Local Galactic Environment for LEGUS/LITTLE THINGS Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Hunter, Deidre A. et al. 2018AJ....156...21HSearch for star cluster age gradients across spiral arms of three LEGUS disc galaxies
Shabani, F. et al. 2018MNRAS.478.3590SHubble Tarantula Treasury Project - VI. Identification of pre-main-sequence stars using machine-learning techniques
Ksoll, Victor F. et al. 2018MNRAS.479.2389KALMA Observations toward the Starburst Dwarf Galaxy NGC 5253. I. Molecular Cloud Properties and Scaling Relations
Miura, Rie E. et al. 2018ApJ...864..120MA Long Hard-X-Ray Look at the Dual Active Galactic Nuclei of M51 with NuSTAR
Brightman, M. et al. 2018ApJ...867..110BConnecting young star clusters to CO molecular gas in NGC 7793 with ALMA-LEGUS
Grasha, K. et al. 2018MNRAS.481.1016GSLUG IV: a novel forward-modelling method to derive the demographics of star clusters
Krumholz, Mark R. et al. 2019MNRAS.482.3550KThe spatial relation between young star clusters and molecular clouds in M51 with LEGUS
Grasha, K. et al. 2019MNRAS.483.4707GMassive star cluster formation under the microscope at z = 6
Vanzella, E. et al. 2019MNRAS.483.3618VOptical Counterparts of ULXs and Their Host Environments in NGC 4490/4485
Avdan, Senay et al. 2019ApJ...875...68AStar cluster catalogues for the LEGUS dwarf galaxies
Cook, David O. et al. 2019MNRAS.484.4897CAn observational test for star formation prescriptions in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
Buck, Tobias et al. 2019MNRAS.486.1481BStar Formation Histories of the LEGUS Spiral Galaxies. I. The Flocculent Spiral NGC 7793
Sacchi, Elena et al. 2019ApJ...878....1SSurvival of molecular gas in a stellar feedback-driven outflow witnessed with the MUSE TIMER project and ALMA
Leaman, Ryan et al. 2019MNRAS.488.3904LOptical counterparts of an ultraluminous X-Ray Source X-1 in NGC 2500
Aksaker, N. et al. 2019MNRAS.488.5935AAn ALMA/HST Study of Millimeter Dust Emission and Star Clusters
Turner, Jordan A. et al. 2019ApJ...884..112TThe Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VII. The Distance to M101 via the Optical Tip of the Red Giant Branch Method
Beaton, Rachael L. et al. 2019ApJ...885..141BSIGNALS: I. Survey description
Rousseau-Nepton, L. et al. 2019MNRAS.489.5530RH ? morphologies of star clusters: a LEGUS study of H II region evolution time-scales and stochasticity in low-mass clusters
Hannon, Stephen et al. 2019MNRAS.490.4648HStar Formation Histories of the LEGUS Dwarf Galaxies. III. The Nonbursty Nature of 23 Star-forming Dwarf Galaxies
Cignoni, Michele et al. 2019ApJ...887..112CLEGUS and H<SUB>?</SUB>-LEGUS Observations of Star Clusters in NGC 4449: Improved Ages and the Fraction of Light in Clusters as a Function of Age
Whitmore, Bradley C. et al. 2020ApJ...889..154WThe Smallest Scale of Hierarchy survey (SSH) - I. Survey description
Annibali, Francesca et al. 2020MNRAS.491.5101AThe strange case of the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC 5474. New pieces of a galactic puzzle
Bellazzini, M. et al. 2020A&A...634A.124BStudying the ISM at ?10 pc scale in NGC 7793 with MUSE. I. Data description and properties of the ionised gas
Della Bruna, Lorenza et al. 2020A&A...635A.134DConstraining Type Iax supernova progenitor systems with stellar population age dating
Takaro, Tyler et al. 2020MNRAS.493..986TMass Functions of Giant Molecular Clouds and Young Star Clusters in Six Nearby Galaxies
Mok, Angus et al. 2020ApJ...893..135MCandidate LBV stars in galaxy NGC 7793 found via HST photometry + MUSE spectroscopy
Wofford, Aida et al. 2020MNRAS.493.2410WDeep transfer learning for star cluster classification: I. application to the PHANGS-HST survey
Wei, Wei et al. 2020MNRAS.493.3178WTracing the anemic stellar halo of M 101
Jang, In Sung et al. 2020A&A...637A...8JLuminosity Models and Density Profiles for Nuclear Star Clusters for a Nearby Volume-limited Sample of 29 Galaxies
Pechetti, R. et al. 2020ApJ...900...32PSTARCNET: Machine Learning for Star Cluster Identification
Pérez, Gustavo et al. 2021ApJ...907..100PPHANGS-HST: star cluster spectral energy distribution fitting with CIGALE
Turner, Jordan A. et al. 2021MNRAS.502.1366TLooking for Obscured Young Star Clusters in NGC 1313
Messa, Matteo et al. 2021ApJ...909..121MRevisiting Attenuation Curves: The Case of NGC 3351
Calzetti, D. et al. 2021ApJ...913...37CStudying the ISM at ?10 pc scale in NGC 7793 with MUSE. II. Constraints on the oxygen abundance and ionising radiation escape
Della Bruna, Lorenza et al. 2021A&A...650A.103DThe Blue Supergiant Progenitor of the Supernova Imposter AT 2019krl
Andrews, Jennifer E. et al. 2021ApJ...917...63AThe dependence of the hierarchical distribution of star clusters on galactic environment
Menon, S. et al. 2021MNRAS.507.5542MAzimuthal propagation of star formation in nearby spiral galaxies: NGC 628, NGC 3726, and NGC 6946
Sakhibov, F. et al. 2021MNRAS.508..912SStar formation in the nearby dwarf galaxy DDO 53: interplay between gas accretion and stellar feedback
Egorov, Oleg V. et al. 2021MNRAS.508.2650ERadii of young star clusters in nearby galaxies
Brown, Gillen et al. 2021MNRAS.508.5935BPre-explosion Properties of Helium Star Donors to Thermonuclear Supernovae
Wong, Tin Long Sunny et al. 2021ApJ...922..241WSynthetic photometry of OB star clusters with stochastically sampled IMFs: analysis of models and HST observations
Orozco-Duarte, Rogelio et al. 2022MNRAS.509..522OPHANGS-HST: new methods for star cluster identification in nearby galaxies
Thilker, Dave et al. 2022MNRAS.509.4094TQuasi-periodic whispers from a transient ULX in M 101: signatures of a fast-spinning neutron star?
Urquhart, Ryan et al. 2022MNRAS.511.4528UH ? morphologies of star clusters in 16 LEGUS galaxies: Constraints on H II region evolution time-scales
Hannon, Stephen et al. 2022MNRAS.512.1294HThe Ancient Globular Clusters of NGC 1291
Hixenbaugh, Kyle et al. 2022AJ....163..271HExtragalactic fast X-ray transient candidates discovered by Chandra (2000-2014)
Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan A. et al. 2022A&A...663A.168QStar Cluster Formation and Evolution in M101: An Investigation with the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey
Linden, Sean T. et al. 2022ApJ...935..166LThe Relation between Globular Cluster Systems and Supermassive Black Holes in Spiral Galaxies. III. The Link to the M <SUB>?</SUB>-M <SUB>*</SUB> Correlation
González-Lópezlira, R. A. et al. 2022ApJ...941...53GPHANGS-JWST First Results: A Combined HST and JWST Analysis of the Nuclear Star Cluster in NGC 628
Hoyer, Nils et al. 2023ApJ...944L..25HFraction of stars in clusters for the LEGUS dwarf galaxies
Cook, David O. et al. 2023MNRAS.519.3749CDust-buried Compact Sources in the Dwarf Galaxy NGC 4449
Calzetti, D. et al. 2023ApJ...946....1CThe impact of satellite trails on Hubble Space Telescope observations
Kruk, S. et al. 2023NatAs...7..262KHarnessing the Hubble Space Telescope Archives: A Catalog of 21,926 Interacting Galaxies
O'Ryan, D. et al. 2023ApJ...948...40OSearch strategies for supermassive stars in young clusters and application to nearby galaxies
Kuruvanthodi, Adarsh et al. 2023A&A...674A.140KQuantifying the energetics of molecular superbubbles in PHANGS galaxies
Watkins, Elizabeth Jayne et al. 2023A&A...676A..67WConstraining the LyC escape fraction from LEGUS star clusters with SIGNALS H II region observations: a pilot study of NGC 628
Teh, J. W. et al. 2023MNRAS.524.1191TUniversal Upper End of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in the Young and Compact LEGUS Clusters
Jung, Dooseok Escher et al. 2023ApJ...954..136JGalactic properties that favour star cluster formation: a statistical view
Berek, Samantha C. et al. 2023MNRAS.525.1902BThe spatially resolved star formation history of the dwarf spiral galaxy NGC 5474
Bortolini, Giacomo et al. 2024MNRAS.527.5339BComprehensive X-ray and multiwavelength study of ULXs in NGC 1566
Allak, Sinan et al. 2024MNRAS.527.7556AMapping the core of the Tarantula Nebula with VLT-MUSE - III. A template for metal-poor starburst regions in the visual and far-ultraviolet
Crowther, Paul A. et al. 2024MNRAS.527.9023CNGC 5474 X-1: A neutron star ultraluminous X-ray source in an old stellar cluster?
Atapin, K. E. et al. 2024MNRAS.52710185APHANGS Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Survey: Globular Cluster Systems in 17 Nearby Spiral Galaxies
Floyd, Matthew R. et al. 2024AJ....167...95FALMA-LEGUS. II. The Influence of Subgalactic Environments on Molecular Cloud Properties
Finn, Molly K. et al. 2024ApJ...964...13FALMA-LEGUS. I. The Influence of Galaxy Morphology on Molecular Cloud Properties
Finn, Molly K. et al. 2024ApJ...964...12FToward Precision Cosmology with Improved Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function Distances Using VLT-MUSE. II. A Test Sample from Archival Data
Jacoby, George H. et al. 2024ApJS..271...40JExploring the relationship between X-ray binaries and compact star clusters (I): NGC 4490 and NGC 4214
Akyuz, A. et al. 2024MNRAS.529.1507AThe High-mass X-Ray Binary Luminosity Functions of Dwarf Galaxies
Geda, Robel et al. 2024ApJ...965...67GInvestigating the Drivers of Electron Temperature Variations in H II Regions with Keck-KCWI and VLT-MUSE
Rickards Vaught, R. et al. 2024ApJ...966..130RHidden Gems on a Ring: Infant Massive Clusters and Their Formation Timeline Unveiled by ALMA, HST, and JWST in NGC 3351
Sun, Jiayi et al. 2024ApJ...967..133SThe Timescales of Star Cluster Emergence: The Case of NGC 4449
McQuaid, Timothy et al. 2024ApJ...967..102MPHANGS-HST Catalogs for ?100,000 Star Clusters and Compact Associations in 38 Galaxies. I. Observed Properties
Maschmann, Daniel et al. 2024ApJS..273...14MQuasi-isotropic UV emission in the ULX NGC 1313 X-1
Gúrpide, A. et al. 2024MNRAS.532.1459GFEAST: Feedback in Emerging extragAlactic Star ClusTers: JWST Spots Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Destruction in NGC 628 during the Emerging Phase of Star Formation
Pedrini, Alex et al. 2024ApJ...971...32PCluster population demographics in NGC 628 derived from stochastic population synthesis models
Tang, Jianling et al. 2024MNRAS.532.4583TGiant molecular clouds and their type classification in M 74: Toward understanding star formation and cloud evolution
Demachi, F. et al. 2024PASJ...76.1059DExploring the nature of an ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 628
Avdan, H. et al. 2024A&A...690A.335AOld massive clusters (and a nuclear star cluster?) in the tidal tails of NGC 5238
Bellazzini, M. et al. 2024A&A...690L..12BThe Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH): III. Dwarf-dwarf satellite merging phenomena in the low-mass regime
Sacchi, Elena et al. 2024A&A...691A..65SDetecting the Black Hole Candidate Population in M51's Young Massive Star Clusters: Constraints on Accreting Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Dage, K. et al. 2025ApJ...979...82DTracing hierarchical star formation out to kiloparsec scales in nearby spiral galaxies with UVIT
Shashank, Gairola et al. 2025A&A...693A.188SI-band Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. I. Exploring a New Standard Candle for the Extragalactic Distance Scale
Madore, Barry F. et al. 2025AJ....169..162MEmpirical SED Templates for Star Clusters Observed with HST and JWST: No Strong PAH or IR Dust Emission after 5 Myr
Whitmore, Bradley C. et al. 2025ApJ...982...50WCloud populations versus galactic environment in NGC 4689, NGC 628, NGC 1566, and NGC 4321
Faustino Vieira, Helena et al. 2025MNRAS.538.2744FI-band Asymptotic Giant Branch (IAGB) Stars. II. A First Estimate of Their Precision and a Differential Zero Point
Freedman, Wendy L. et al. 2025AJ....169..247FDiscovery of young, oxygen-rich supernova remnants in PHANGS-MUSE galaxies
Kravtsov, T. et al. 2025A&A...700A.223KCLUES. III. Do User Choices Impact the Results of SED Fitting? Tests of "Off-the-shelf" Stellar Population and Dust Extinction Models in the CLUES Sample
Mizener, Andrew et al. 2025ApJ...989..114MThe relationship between nuclear rings and the overall galaxy morphology
Jiménez-Sánchez, P. et al. 2025A&A...700A.101JOptical Emission from Luminous and Very Soft X-Ray Sources in Nearby Galaxies: Testing the Scenario of Edge-on Supercritical Accretion Systems
Tang, Xiaohong et al. 2025ApJ...990..158TThe Near Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Young Star Clusters in the FEAST Galaxies: Missing Ingredients at 1?5 ?m
Pedrini, Alex et al. 2025ApJ...992...96PJWST NIRCam Imaging of NGC 4258. I. Observation Overview
Fischer, Travis C. et al. 2025ApJ...993..153FHubble Space Telescope Deep Upper Limits Rule out a Surviving Massive Binary Companion to the Type Ic Supernova 2012fh
Williams, Benjamin F. et al. 2025ApJ...993..159WIdentifying astrophysical anomalies in 99.6 million source cutouts from the Hubble legacy archive using AnomalyMatch
O'Ryan, D. et al. 2025A&A...704A.227OCosmic ray detection on resolved galaxies with deep learning
Wei, Shoulin et al. 2025ExA....61....1WFEAST: Probing Hierarchical Star Formation with the Spatial Distributions of Young Star Clusters
Lapeer, Drew et al. 2026ApJ...999..189LThe turbulence driving mode in NGC7793 and NGC1313
Miller, Lewis J. et al. 2026MNRAS.547ag359M