BAS/EUVE/0088/95
One-Shift to Zero-Shift Transition (1:0) Plan
Version 2
05 Oct 1995


To: CEA Management
From: B. Stroozas, P. Ringrose, L. Wong, F. Kronberg, M. Eckert, C. Smith, and D. Biroscak
CC: G. Bevan, F. Girouard, A. Hopkins, J. Vallerga, P. Jelinsky, and C. Jones (file)

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Requirements and Ground Rules
3. A Three-Phased Approach to Zero-Shift Operations
3.1 Current One-Shift Operations
3.2 Phase 1 Zero-Shift Operations
3.3 Phase 2 Zero-Shift Operations
3.4 Phase 3 Zero-Shift Operations
3.5 A Realistic Zero-Shift Operations Scenario at CEA
4. "Needs" vs. "Wants" for 1:0
4.1 Primary Needs
4.2 Secondary Needs
4.3 Primary Wants
4.4 Secondary Wants
4.5 Miscellaneous Tasks

1. Introduction

The transition in the ESOC from three-shift, round-the-clock science payload operations to a single-shift scenario, fully completed in Feb 1995, has been highly successful. This memo outlines preliminary plans from ISO's Science Instrument Support team for extending this transition to a zero-shift nominal operations scenario. This plan discusses the goals, rationale, baseline requirements, and ground rules for this transition, along with a detailed explanation of a three-phased approach -- and the associated "needs" and "wants" -- that will get us to zero-shift. This document builds on Version 1 of this plan (BAS/EUVE/0063/95), and will form the basis for an internal CEA one-to-zero "review" to be held on 13 Oct 1995. Based on the results of that review, this plan will be finalized and presented for NASA approval at a review to be held in Jan 1996.

2. Requirements and Ground Rules

In Feb 1995 the ESOC completed its transition from three-shift, round-the-clock operations to a single-shift scenario. The purpose of the three-to-one (3:1) transition was to automate the critical health and safety (H&S) monitoring of the science payload instruments, in order to cut operations costs by reducing the need for ISO personnel to visually monitor the payload H&S telemetry at all hours of the day and night. The single-shift operations scenario has been very successful to date. However, during the single daily work shift (which includes weekends), payload controllers (PCs) and controller aides (PCAs) continue to visually monitor instrument H&S during real-time passes and to perform associated console duties (see section 3.1 below for a detailed discussion of current single-shift operations).

Building upon this work, ISO has been developing plans for a one-shift to zero-shift (1:0) transition. The goal of 1:0 is to eliminate all routine shift work, which is defined to be those tasks that must be done on a specific time basis (e.g., daily); those routine tasks that are not time constrained and that can be done as they best fit into one's schedule, are not considered shift work. Therefore, under our definition shift work mainly includes the daily monitoring of real-time passes ("console duty") and the associated console support activities.

The reasons for transitioning to a zero-shift scenario are many, the most obvious one being as a means to further reduce operations costs. Although this is important, a 1:0 transition is also in line with NASA's goals for innovation and with its recent EUVE out-sourcing decision, which was made as a direct result of CEA's previous innovation activities (including 3:1). In going to zero shifts we will have demonstrated a "proof of concept" that other future missions can apply to their own operations. The 3:1 transition changed the mission operations paradigm for NASA and, in the process, provided CEA with many opportunities for innovation and collaboration; as the next logical step in the extension of this paradigm, 1:0 is expected to do the same.

The basic operations requirements for the 1:0 transition, as follows, are simple and straightforward:

The successful 1:0 transition must meet the above requirements based on the following ground rules:

3. A Three-Phased Approach to Zero-Shift Operations

ISO plans to implement the 1:0 transition via the following three-phased approach: Note: The time periods indicated above for each phase are, at best, "guestimates". ISD programmers will be able to provide more realistic estimates once it's been decided exactly what will be done for each Phase in terms of software development.

This phased approach allows us to progress towards the full zero-shift scenario one step at a time, learning from any mistakes along the way. Each phase progressively provides for significantly increased levels of autonomous operation and degrees of innovation. This plan allows CEA to reach zero-shift operations in a reasonable time period and it provides reasonable periods of development between each succeeding phase. Additionally, since budgetary constraints may affect our ability to reach Phase 3, this approach has been designed so that Phase 2 represents a true zero-shift scenario with regards to science payload H&S.

3.1 Current One-Shift Operations

During current one-shift operations the ISO Science Instrument Support team has personnel working in the ESOC every day of the week (including weekends) from 8am-5pm. The goal has been to have the PCAs handle for the PCs as much of the routine shift work as possible. PCAs support weekend shifts by themselves and, as school schedules allow, fill in for the PC on duty during weekday shifts; all remaining routine duties, as well as the non-routine ones, are handled by the duty PC. The ACE responds to all off-shift anomalies via pages from the software, from the message center (e.g., from PACOR), and from the PCAs during the weekend shifts.

The major routine on-shift work duties include the following:

PCAs generally perform all of the routine daily console work and console support duties. In addition to supervising the work of the PCAs, PCs generally attend to all the routine commanding duties.

In addition to the above routine shift work, PCs and/or PCAs are also responsible for the following:

The major goal of the 1:0 transition is to eliminate via automation all of the routine shift work as outlined above. The following sections describe in detail the "needs" and "wants" of the various phases of the 1:0 transition. Each issue is categorized into one of the following:

3.2 Phase 1 Zero-Shift Operations

The primary and secondary "needs" of the Phase 1 zero-shift transition are as follows:

Primary Needs

Secondary Needs

We call Phase 1 a "minimal" zero-shift operations scenario because at this point personnel are no longer required to sit at the console screen for the purposes of visually monitoring the incoming H&S telemetry. The automating of all essential H&S telemetry monitoring will free up at least two hours/day of PC/PCA time each and every day, along with a significant amount of time (based on the 3:1 experience) dealing with unnecessary paging.

We also recommend the implementation of the following "wants" for Phase 1:

Primary Wants

These additional capabilities will greatly reduce the effort required for software installations or patches, and will streamline the anomaly resolution process.

The roles of PCs/PCAs in Phase 1 zero-shift operations will remain similar to the current single-shift operations. Since the daily console support duties will remain at this point, personnel will continue to remain available to support a single shift seven days a week. As tasks are automated to free up personnel resources, the roles of the Science Instrument Support team members will continuously be reallocated to support development and test-bed activities.

Due to the minimal software development required for the Phase 1 transition, we estimate that it can be accomplished by early 1996.

3.3 Phase 2 Zero-Shift Operations

The major goals of Phase 2 are to automate all of the routine daily console support duties and science payload commanding activities. To do this requires addressing the following:

Primary Needs

Secondary Needs

We call Phase 2 the "operational" zero-shift scenario because it is at this point that all routine manual shift work has been eliminated or automated. The above efforts will free up ~8 hours/day, seven days/week, of PCA/PC time, and will eliminate the need for any weekend support for nominal operations.

We also recommend that the following "wants" be addressed for Phase 2:

Primary Wants

Secondary Wants

The major impacts of implementing the above "wants" will be to simplify and streamline the network needs (hardware and facilities), and to provide the ground software with some context of each observation, which will allow it to change its rules accordingly to accomodate both H&S and science.

Although no shift work remains in Phase 2 zero-shift operations, a duty PC will remain available during regular business hours (M-F, 9am-5pm) to attend to periodic (bi-weekly?) checks in the ESOC. These checks would include attending to command planning and specialized commanding, software and procedure maintenance, anomaly response, the various weekly duties, and checks of the ground and software systems to verify that everything is working properly. The PCAs will be available during this time to assist the duty PC with these activities. All remaining PC/PCA time will be reallocated to development and test-bed activities. The ACE will continue to repspond to all anomalies that occur during non-business hours.

Due to the significant software development required for the Phase 2 zero-shift transition, it is expected that it will not occur until at least mid-1996.

3.4 Phase 3 Zero-Shift Operations

The goals of Phase 3 will be to implement the following:

Primary Needs

Primary Wants

Secondary Wants

We call Phase 3 the "full" zero-shift scenario because it is in this phase that we truly reach full automation of all nominal payload operations, both in terms of H&S and science.

In Phase 3 operations a duty PC will conduct no shift work, but will remain available during regular business hours (M-F, 9am-5pm). Their duties will remain similar to those in Phase 2, although some tasks will have been simplified or eliminated. The PCAs will be available during this time to support all of the above activities. In general, PCs/PCAs will be able to spend most of their time on development and/or test-bed activities. As always, the ACE will continue to deal with all anomalies that occur during non-business hours.

Full implementation of Phase 3 zero-shift operations will involve significant software development and is not expected to be completed until at least early- to mid-1997.

3.5 A Realistic Zero-Shift Operations Scenario at CEA

Given the stage of the EUVE mission, the goals of CEA, and the available programming resources, we expect that a reasonable and realistic zero-shift payload operations scenario for CEA would be a Phase 2 implementation in which all the above-mentioned "needs" have been met. Such a scenario will ensure instrument H&S, but not necessarily the maximal return of high quality science data.

In such a scenario the general operational duties of the PC/PCA will consist of no routine shift duties, only periodic checks in the ESOC including command scheduling and specialized commanding, software and procedure maintenance, anomaly response, checks to verify proper operation of all autonomous systems, and handling of any remaining weekly duties. The rest of their time would be in support of development and/or test-bed activities.


4.0 "Needs" vs. "Wants" for 1:0

The following sections list out in detail the primary and secondary "needs" and "wants" for the 1:0 transition. For each issue below is indicated the following:
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     ISSUE:  The need or want to be addressed. 
     PR/PH:  The priority (Need/Want) and transition phase (1/2/3).
     CURNT:  Description of current implementation.
     CCOST:  Approximat FTE cost of current implementation.
     RECOM:  Recommended action.
     RADAR:  Relevant radar entry(ies).
     IMPCT:  Health and safety impact if issue is not addressed.

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4.1 Primary Needs

Definition: A primary need is defined as an issue that, if not addressed, could have negative effects on instrument H&S during a zero-shift operations scenario.
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ISSUE:	Eliminate the need for all daily routine operator
	console duty (i.e., visual H&S monitoring of real-time
	telemetry passes).
PR/PH:	N/1
CURNT:	PCs/PCAs visually monitor at least three realtime passes
	during each day shift using soctools, which looks at
	all payload engineering monitors while eworks only sees
	a subset (the ones deemed most critical for ONE-SHIFT operations).
CCOST:	0.26 FTE (0.5 hr/pass * 3 pass/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	Expand eworks to include additional monitors to ensure
	H&S during a zero-shift scenario in which we will not be looking
	at the science payload at all on a routine basis; the current
	eworks setup was designed for 3:1.  Eliminating the
	need for human monitoring of H&S telemetry will free up
	personnel resources from visual monitoring to do other things.
	We need to work with the DSs (e.g., John Vallerga) to identify
	any additional monitors/rules to build into eworks for
	zero-shift operations.
RADAR:	3105, TBD
IMPCT:	Instrument problems may go unnoticed using the current eworks 
	setup, which only monitors a subset of the full compliment of
	engineering monitors.

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ISSUE:	Review the ACE system. 
PR/PH:	N/1
CURNT:	The current ACE system was designed for one-shift operations
	and works well in that scenario.  There will undoubtedly be
	adjustments that need to be made to ensure it is properly set
	up for zero-shift operations.
CCOST:	n/a
RECOM:	We need to review all aspects of the current ACE system -- roles,
	responsibilities, memebers, levels of training, etc. -- to ensure
	it meets the needs and requirements of zero-shift operations.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	There could be significant unknown instrument H&S risks should
	we use continue to use the current ACE system and it proves
	inadequate to zero shift operations.

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ISSUE:	Automate the semi-manual daily process of ensuring that all
	critical ground systems and processes are actively functioning
	at all times. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	There is a PCS routine called status_checker that currently
	monitors the most critical areas at a minimal level.

CCOST:	0.1 FTE (~4 hrs/wk / 40 hrs/wk)
RECOM:	Implement an automated ground system monitoring system.  This
	would ensure that all necessary needs of automated data acquisition
	system are met.  This would include the following:  disk space,
	eworks/epage processes, GSFC data link (X.25), swap
	space, queues (printers, eworks, pipeline, etc.),
	kb.out alerts/warnings.  The full list of critical items needs
	to be reviewed for completeness.  Such a system could use
	status_checker as a basis or starting point.  At a
	minimum, we must be able to page based on the 20-hour rule.
	It would be great if such a system would also fix problems on
	its own (e.g., reboot machines, etc.).
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Could result in a potential loss of monitoring knowledge for
	extended periods of time, violating the 20-hour rule.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the daily manual review of limit transitions. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	The duty PC/PCA currently visually reviews hardcopies of limit
	transition logs produced from the processing of the previous
	days's telemetry.
CCOST:	0.4 FTE (0.25 hr/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	Limit transitions seem to be the easiest available means to identify
	potential anomalies and we should continue to use this information
	in some way.  At this point we have no specific recommendation for a
	means to accomplish this, although one could consider the following:
	 *  review and/or change our current monitor limits and the way we
		use them
	 *  use SELMON or another such test-bed system
	 *  fold this in as part of the payload configuration (see below)
	Alternatively, maybe this be added to the periodic system
	checks if it only needs to be done once or twice a week.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	This would result in loss of H&S knowledge regarding potential
	monitor problems.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual daily review of command echos. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	The duty PC/PCA currently visually reviews hardcopies of the
	command echo logs from the processing of the previous days's
	telemetry.  The command echoes come from both uploaded
	commands (e.g., for observation reconfigurations) and on-board
	macros (e.g., dawn/day/dusk/night).
CCOST:	0.4 FTE (0.25 hr/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	It is extremely important that we in some way verify that all
	payload commands executed as expected.  Since we are not guaranteed
	that all command echoes even get into the telemetry stream, this
	is an extremely difficult problem to handle in an automated fashion.
	However, we offer the following possibilities:
	 * use the fact that the proper payload configuration (see below)
		is in effect; if it is, one could assume that all
		commands executed properly
	 * add this to the periodic system checks if it only needs to
		be done once or twice a week.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Improper execution of a command would indicate bugs/problems in
	the on-board software that could negatively affect both H&S and
	science.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the daily manual review of detector plots. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	The duty PC/PCA is currently responsible for reviewing these
	hardcopies on a daily basis, searching for any anomalies
	(shape, hotspots, etc.) that may indicate degraded detector
	health.  All anomalies are passed on to the DS for investigation.
CCOST:	0.04 FTE (0.25 hr/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	John Vallerga says that visual review of detector plots
	provides the simplest and most effective means for verifying
	detector health.  Things like gain changes and hotspots are
	readily apparent to the eyes, checks that may be extremely
	difficult (if not impossible) to implement in software.  He
	wants to continue doing this on a daily basis.  If nothing
	else, he said that they should daily be routed to his desk and
	he'll review them.
	   This issue makes zero-shift operations difficult, since it is
	something that needs to be done every day and is best done by a
	human.  However, the following options should be considered:
	 * maybe gain changes can be monitored in software using pulse
		heights or stimpins
	 * farm out task (along with the general DS report activities)
		to the Engineering and Science Support group
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Without this daily review we won't be able to easily monitor
	detector health.  This must continue to be done on a daily basis,
	either by humans or by software.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual daily check for hight count rate areas on
	the detectors. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	This is currently only done in a partial manner for the Deep
	Survey detector.  The arborday script checks the entire
	Lex/B section quadrant as well as directly at the boresight,
	reporting any high count rate areas in order to alert a
	response to prevent deadspots and/or general detector gain loss.
CCOST:	negligible
RECOM:	If this need only be done once or twice a week it could be
	added to the periodic system checks.
RADAR:	3065
IMPCT:	Ignoring such a check could lead to potential gain loss or deadspots
	on the detectors (e.g., for bright hotspot or source).  This
	could also affect the science data via increased primbsching.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual daily review of "alert" conditions.
	These are non-critical anomalies that are serious enough to
	require action but can tolerate slower reponse times. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	Alerts are currently investigated during the daily shift by the
	duty PC/PCA.
CCOST:	negligible
RECOM:	Add to eworks the necessary rules to page based on "alert"
	conditions (paging could be limited to normal business hours
	or could be tied in with a coding scheme as outlined below).
	This capability could be integrated with a ground system
	monitoring package (see below) and could make use of the
	watchd facility.  This "need" is based on the assumption
	that these alerts need to be tended to in a timely fashion; if
	they can wait a few days, then this issue would become a
	"want" and could become part of the periodic system checks by
	the duty PC/PCA.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Could go for days before notification of a problem (i.e., may
	only find out about an underlying "alert" condition when it's
	become a larger problem).

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ISSUE:	Ensure a minimal backup ground (computer and communications)
	system. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	The current backup system uses sdp2, which does not currently
	support paging capabilities (a modem is being hooked up to
	hyperion to fill this gap).  Changing over to the backup
	system is currently a difficult manual process, and overall it
	requires a large amount of maintenance.
CCOST:	0.02 FTE (2-3 times/yr, ~10-15 hrs/time)
RECOM:	Establish a stand-alone machine on the ESOC network to provide
	a backup system with dial-out modem capability for paging (it
	appears that the RAID box will form a basis for the future
	ESOC network, but we need something in the event the RAID box
	itself fails).  Although the min-ESOC would be available, we
	don't want to incur the expense of a flight to GSFC except for
	cases where the CEA systems remain down for extended periods
	of time.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Loss of H&S information if machines/network go down.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual daily shift report. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	At the end of each day's shift the duty PC/PCA currently
	writes up and distributes a report that summarizes the activities 
	for that day.  This summary contains information about the current
	target, activities and anomalies (e.g., DDLs) during the day, and
	upcoming activities.  It's main use is to keep other controllers
	informed of the status of the ESOC and payload; this has been
	particularly effective for personnel duty changeovers.
CCOST:	0.9 FTE (0.5 hr/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	Unless an easy way is found to automate this (probably not), then
	the PC schedule could be rearranged to provide sufficient
	continuity to allow this to be done on a less frequent basis (e.g.,
	bi-weekly) and, therefore, added to the periodic system checks.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Could result in both H&S and science impacts if the duty PC is
	not properly advised of the recent situation.

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ISSUE:	Ensure for adequate simulations, which are necessary for validation
	of software, training of personnel, etc., before the actual
	transition is made. 
PR/PH:	N/ALL
CURNT:	n/a
CCOST:	n/a
RECOM:	Adequate resources, time, etc. need to be allocated to ensure
	for proper simulation planning and implementation.  On a
	longer term basis, as PCs/PCAs are removed from daily payload
	operations they will tend to get "rusty".  Periodic
	simulations and/or recertifications may be necessary to ensure
	that all operators retain the skills and knowledge required to
	respond appropriately to anomalies.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Could be significant H&S impacts if simulations don't properly
	validate that all such needs are met before we actually
	transition to zero-shift operations.

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ISSUE:	Update and augment all ESOC operations procedures for
	zero-shift. 
PR/PH:	N/ALL
CURNT:	The procedures are currently in use.  However, they are
	written at a level commensurate with a certified PC/PCA.
CCOST:	0.1 FTE (4 hr/wk / 40 hr/wk)
RECOM:	Put all procedures under revision control in an organized
	release hierarchy.  Then review them to identify those that
	need to be changed or augmented.  New ones should be created
	as necessary.  The procedures should always reflect the
	current operating scenario.
	   More detail needs to be added to support a lower level of
	cognizance and training by those using them.  As things get
	more and more automated it is inevitable that users will need
	increased reminders on how to respond appropriately to
	situations.  The goal is to have the procedures accurately
	reflect in detail the necessary response to known situations
	so that someone with minimal training could execute them
	properly.
RADAR:	3086, TBD
IMPCT:	Outdated and/or less detailed procedures could lead to
	improper or insufficient response, which could result in
	increased risk to the instrument health and safety.

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4.2 Secondary Needs

Definition: A secondary need is defined as an issue that, although not affecting instrument H&S, if addressed would yield significant operations cost savings.
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ISSUE:	Eliminate "bad data" in the monitoring and paging processing. 
PR/PH:	N/1
CURNT:	None.  Since PACOR strips out the quality information on realtime
	data, the eworks monitoring of such data often leads to
	pages due to "bad data", which result in unnecessary ACE response.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Replace monitoring of real-time data with that of post-pass
	real-time data, which has the quality information included so
	that any "bad data" is marked as such and ignored instead of
	allowed to generate pages.  Work has already been completed at
	GSFC so that we are now receiving this data; work remains on
	our end to have this data monitored.  Once implemented this
	should allow us to respond 4-5 hours earlier to some problems
	since we'll no longer have to wait for production data to
	confirm an anomalous situation; this will also allow command
	echoes to be monitored for this data.
RADAR:	3120
IMPCT:	None.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate all unnecessary paging. 
PR/PH:	N/1
CURNT:	None.  In addition to for real anomalies, PCs/ACEs are now
	routinely paged for the following:
		1. bad data
		2. faulty eworks logic
		3. known conditions/attitudes
		4. multiple pages for single anomaly
	All of the above conditions (in order of severity) result in
	people responding unnecessarily.  This response has proved
	costly during initial one-shift operations and will
	undoubtedly occur again for zero-shift.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Implement user configurable control of paging (e.g., via page
	screening and/or disabling of eworks logic).
RADAR:	3067
IMPCT:	None; unnecessary pages yield unnecessary response.  However, based
	on history, the cost of this in terms of money and morale will be
	high.

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ISSUE:	Automate the testing and validation of the eworks software. 
PR/PH:	N/1
CURNT:	The testing and validation of eworks rules is currently
	a very human intensive and time consuming activity.  The
	validation of the rules for one-shift operations took multiple
	person months.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Implement an automated validation and testing scheme for all
	future eworks installs.  It is expected that by
	spending the time (~1 person month) to automate this task we
	will save months of manual work for each future release/patch.
RADAR:	3021
IMPCT:	No controlled tests to ensure software validation could
	potentially result in H&S risks.

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ISSUE:	Automate all routine commanding activities. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	All commanding is generally done by the duty PC.  This
	includes routine commanding (e.g., daily memory dumps,
	observation configurations) and specific anomaly response
	commanding.  In general, most commanding activies are routine.
CCOST:	0.2 FTE (1 hr/day / 8 hr day * 1.4)
RECOM:	Automate the routine commanding activities (e.g., via ATCs).  This
	will free up personnel resources for other CEA activities.  It
	will also provide greater flexibility in reconfiguring the payload,
	which will minimize the negative impacts on observation scheduling
	efficiency.
RADAR:	3027
IMPCT:	None.  Without this capability we would continue to need regular
	manual PC support for routine commanding (e.g., ramcheck).
	It will also result in loss of scheduling efficiency since
	commanding is only done during normal business hours, which
	puts an additional constraint on science 2planning.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual daily tape backup of PACOR telemetry. 
PR/PH:	N/2
CURNT:	This is currently done manually on a daily basis, with telemetry
	written to tape in TAR format.  This serves as a redundant
	backup to the copy on the tape carousel (and, therefore, those
	on the optical disks), should it prove defective.
CCOST:	0.09 FTE (0.5 hr/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	Since most of those involved see this to be a useful service
	(overall, it is much easier than going back to PACOR), we will
	continue doing this until we transition to Phase 2.  If the RAID
	box is used for direct telemetry archival, this would eliminate
	the need for this task (as well as for the tape carousel); if
	this doesn't happen then this service will be eliminated upon
	the Phase 2 transition.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Little, if any.  May result in slower response to data review
	should carousel (and, therefore, optical disk) copy of telemetry
	be corrupted, which doesn't occur very often.

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4.3 Primary Wants

Definition: A primary want is defined as an issue that, if addressed, would provide minor cost savings and/or would yield science benefits.
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ISSUE:	Streamline and automate the reporting and tracking system for
	DDLs. 
PR/PH:	W/123
CURNT:	DDLs are currently filed via a paper system, many of which end up
	as radar entries.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Implement an on-line DDL filing system.  An on-line system would
	simplify and streamline the current paper system, reducing the time
	people spend documenting/resolving problems (e.g., allows one to
	read in files, cut/paste, reference search, etc.).  It would also
	provide a mechanism that software could use in the future to
	automatically file DDLs.
RADAR:	3066
IMPCT:	Little.  The issue here is convenience as the current manual paper
	system requires more time and effort for tracking things down.
	However, as ESOC operations become more automated and
	personnel less cognizant of all the various activities, an
	on-line DDL system would facilitate anomaly response.

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ISSUE:	Streamline the anomaly response process by providing ACEs with
	remote access to the ESOC network. 
PR/PH:	W/123
CURNT:	ACEs currently do not have remote access to the ESOC network.
	When paged they must physically come in to the ESOC to verify
	the anomaly (i.e., is it real?) and then to deal with it.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Provide ACEs with remote access.  This would provide provide
	for more rapid initial anomaly response, and could save the
	project money by only requiring that the ACE come in for real
	anomalies.  Bogus anomalies and some simple actions (e.g.,
	clearing out disk space) could be dealt with remotely, which
	would result in cost (time, travel) savings; additionally, the
	ACE would be able to acknowledge a page immediately so that
	others aren't also paged.  A procedure would be set up outlining
	those types of anomalies that could be addressed remotely
	(e.g., not commanding).  On-line remote access to procedures
	would also be available.  Overall, remote access will decrease
	the initial resonse time to an anomaly; it will also be a
	major morale boost for the ACEs.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  Initial response time to an anomaly condition would be
	decreased.

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ISSUE:	Eliminate machine dependency on the ESOC network. 
PR/PH:	W/23
CURNT:	At the heart of the current setup are two Solbourne servers --
	soc2 and sdp2.  Various workstations are then dependent on one
	or the other servers.  Certain workstations then act as servers
	themselves for various peripherals (e.g., printers, SYBASE).
	When a unit crashes or locks up it often affects the other devices
	attached to it.  When soc2 goes down, we must switch over to sdp2.
	This is not only problematic, but requires that sdp2 be a virtual
	clone of soc2 in terms of software, etc.  This is a large
	maintenance issue.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Implement the RAID box on the ESOC network and then move the
	relevant software and accounts to it.  Some reconfiguration of
	the software and/or network would be required.  
	   Such an arrangement would simplify the network configuration
	by providing a single area for executables and user accounts (i.e.,
	all ESOC-net ones).  It would also provide redundancy in a single
	system instead of the current mirror systems, would minimize
	network lockups, and would greatly simplify software and systems
	maintenance problems.  However, a seperate minimal backup system
	(see above) would still be required should the RAID system
	fail for any reason.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Since operators aren't available on a daily basis during zero
	shift, we could lose monitoring information for days if the network
	locked up or went down.  The current system also requires
	higher software and systems maintenance costs.

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ISSUE:	Automate the manual verification of proper payload
	configuration for H&S and science. 
PR/PH:	W/23
CURNT:	The duty PC/PCA currently visually verifies the proper
	payload observation configuration.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Expand the capabilities of eworks so that it can change its
	reference rules based on the current observation configuration.
	For example, a Moon observation requires a different configuration
	and, hence, a different rule set than does a normal observation.
	One could define a series of standard observation configurations
	and then code up the relevant rules for each; eworks would
	then refer to the appropriate set.
	   Such a scheme would provide eworks some context for an
	observation, so that it could change its rules based on the
	payload configuration in effect (e.g., normal observation, Moon,
	etc.) for a given period of time.  The benefits of such a capability
	are numerous.  This could solve the current problems of being paged
	for violating rules when in a known safe state (e.g., Scanner C
	off) or at a known attitude (e.g., "hot" thermal orientations).
	It could also solve the problems mentioned above regarding verifying
	proper command and macro execution.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  Would continue to get paged for unnecessary reasons mentioned
	above.  There could also be a science hit if the wrong configuration
	was in use and there's nobody there to verify it.

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ISSUE:	Automate the manual verification of proper payload day/night
	configuration. 
PR/PH:	W/23
CURNT:	The duty PCs/PCAs currently perform a visual check of the
	pipeline output to determine that the proper detectors were
	on/off at the proper times.  The current implementation of
	eworks doesn't really know the difference between night and
	day; it only checks voltage levels for full or half and, if
	true, assumes everything is OK.
CCOST:	0.1 FTE (~0.5 hr/day / 8 hr/day * 1.4)
RECOM:	Redefine the rampmacros to have a mask that would indicate
	which detectors should be on during day, so that eworks could
	check the mask and alter its rules accordingly.  Such a scheme
	would notify us if a detector is on/off when it should not be.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	Little.  There is a potential for gain loss should detectors
	be on during the day portion of the orbit; conversely, there
	would be a loss of science data should detectors not be a
	their full level during night.  Both of these scenarios, which
	presume that "rampmacros" doesn't work correctly (it always
	has), would not be noticed in the present configuration until
	a periodic system check was made (which could be days later).

	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Automate the verification of proper payload pointing for
	science. 
PR/PH:	W/3
CURNT:	The duty PC/PCA currently uses a visual check to verify proper
	observation pointing.  This is only effective when the source
	is actually visible in the detector plots (~50% of the time);
	otherwise, it is assumed to be correct (and almost always is).
CCOST:	negligible
RECOM:	Implement software to periodically check for accurate payload
	pointing by comparing spacecraft attitude with the science plan
	(e.g., patch Keh-Cheng's timeline database code into the
	pipeline).
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  Could result in loss of science observing efficiency.

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4.4 Secondary Wants

Definition: A secondary want is defined as an issue that is of a purely streamlining nature that may not, at this stage of the mission, make fiscal sense to implement; it may, however, may make sense for other reasons (e.g., degree of innovation, etc.).
	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Minimize and streamline the network configuration and hardware
	needs. 
PR/PH:  W/23
CURNT:	The current ESOC network and hardware configuration is large
	and complicated.  It consists of multiple servers, workstations,
	tape drives, and printers; a tape carousel; and a SYBASE server.
	There are also numerous phone lines, modems, a SCAMA
	connection, and the X.25 line to GSFC.  There are also
	workstations attached to the SDAF network.  Communication
	between the two networks is virtually non-existent (a security
	feature), except via tape drives and floppy disks.
CCOST:	TBD
RECOM:	Review the network and streamline it by moving out unnecessary or
	non-critical equipment.  A streamlined system would also require
	less facilities space and could be moved into a smaller area (e.g.,
	Pat's office), freeing up the traditional ESOC space for other
	uses.
	   Some suggested changes include the following:
	 * minimize computer needs -- servers, workstations, modems,
		printers, etc.
	 * minimize support equipment -- phones, etc.
	 * physically separate ESOC vs. SDAF network hardware
	 * integrate with RAID box capabilities; recommend using full
		implementation (e.g., for direct t/m transfer for
		archival; would eliminate carousel)
	 * implement a (minimal) buffer (e.g., on the RAID box) to allow
		for direct network to network communication
	 * replace Solbournes -- long-term maintenance issue
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  This is purely a streamlining move that, in our current
	thinking, is heavily dependent on the RAID box.  However, such
	a streamlined system would require much less in terms of
	maintenance and is more in tune with today's hardware technology.

	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Expand the mechanism for information exchange between computer
	networks. 
PR/PH:	W/23
CURNT:	A minimal implementation of this mechanism currently exists that
	provides for ESOC network backups (i.e., via edaf) to the
	jukebox.
CCOST:	n/a
RECOM:	Expand this data transfer buffer (e.g., on the RAID box) to allow
	for direct telemetry archival.  This would free up the tape carousel
	for other uses (e.g., in GO/GI support).  It would also eliminate
	the need for the weekly carousel maintenance and for the daily
	PACOR backup.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  This is purely a streamlining activity.

	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual weekly report to NASA. 
PR/PH:	W/2
CURNT:	A weekly report to NASA is currently compiled manually.
CCOST:	0.01 FTE (0.5 hr/wk / 40 hr/wk)
RECOM:	The request for this report is from NASA, not from our end and
	includes very minimal information (this could be automated),
	basically just targets observed and scheduled.  It would take
	NASA's agreement to cut this task from the daily list.  On the
	other hand, since this report reaches some fairly powerful
	NASA officials, it could be expanded at a very low cost to
	further promote CEA activities. 
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  This is purely a streamlining activity.

	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Eliminate the manual weekly tape carousel maintenance
	activites. 
PR/PH:	W/23
CURNT:	The duty PC/PCA is currently required to maintain the tape
	carousel on a weekly basis.  This basically means changing in
	and out tapes to ensure there are enough blank media for the
	archival of the upcoming week's telemetry, and cleaning the
	tape heads.
CCOST:	0.05 FTE (2 hr/week / 40 hr/week)
RECOM:	We can continue to do this as is currently since it is not
	considered "shift work" under our definitions.  It could (and
	should?), however, be farmed out to central since it is a hardware
	maintenance activity.  If the RAID box implementation allows for
	the telemetry to be written directly to it, then the carousel
	may not be needed at all.  In such a scenario it could be moved
	into the GO/GI processing loop, which would speed our data
	delivery efforts (of course, this would just move maintenance
	to someone else since the unit would still be used).  The tape
	carousel is currently the weak link in the archiving chain.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  This is purely a streamlining activity.

	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Automate the scheduling of all routine commands based on standard
	observation configuration files. 
PR/PH:	W/3
CURNT:  n/a
CCOST:	n/a
RECOM:  Automatically schedule (e.g., via HSTS) routine payload ATC
	command loads.
RADAR:  TBD
IMPCT:  None.  This is purely a streamlining activity that would free up
	personnel for other activities.

	----------------------------------------------------------------

ISSUE:	Streamline the pager response process by coding all pages with
	anomaly identification and/or categorization information. 
PR/PH:	W/3
CURNT:	Current paging codes only indicate status of response to page.
	There is no information included regarding the type of anomaly.
CCOST:	n/a
RECOM:	No specific recommendations on how to implement this.
RADAR:	TBD
IMPCT:	None.  This is a convenience measure that would give the ACE more
	information in a more rapid fashion than is currently done.

	----------------------------------------------------------------

4.5 Miscellaneous Tasks

The following tasks are all currently part of the daily checklist and could be handled as follows:
Send comments to Brett A. Stroozas <bretts@cea.berkeley.edu>